Kamis, 26 Maret 2015

Direct and Indirect Speech

Direct Speech

Suatu kalimat yang diucapkan secara langsung oleh pembicara yang dalam penulisannya            disertai dengan tanda kutip (“) di awal dan akhir kalimat sebagai teks dialog atau percakapan.


Indirect Speech

Sering juga disebut sebagai Reported Speech (Kalimat laporan). Suatu kalimat yang menggambarkan perkataan orang lain atau dirinya sendiri secara tidak langsung.

Baik Direct Speech maupun Indirect Speech, keduanya terdiri dari dua unsur yakni induk kalimat dan anak kalimat.

Tabel perubahan Tenses yang digunakan dari Direct Speech ke Indirect Speech dapat dilihat seperti di bawah ini:

No
DIRECT
INDIRECT
1
Simple Present
Simple past
2
Present Continuous
Past Continuous
3
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
4
Present Perfect Continous
Past Perfect Continous
5
Simple Past
Past Perfect
6
Past continuous
Past continuous
7
Past perfect
Past perfect
8
Past perfect continuous
Past perfect continuous
9
Simple Future
Past Future
10
Future Continuous
Past future continuous
11
Future Perfect
Past Future Perfect
12
Future Perfect Continuous
Past Future Perfect Continuous

Untuk perubahan keterangan waktu dan tempatnya, dapat dilihat pada tabel berikut:

No
DIRECT
INDIRECT
1
Now
Then
2
Tomorrow
The following day
3
Yesterday
The day before
4
Next week
The following week
5
Tonight/Today
That night/That day
6
Here
There
7
This
That
8
These
Those


Bentuk dasar dari kalimat Direct dan Indirect Speech ini dapat berupa:

-          Statement (Pernyataan)
-          Command (Perintah)
-          Question (Pertanyaan)


Saya akan memberikan contoh kalimat direct speech dan indirect speech dengan menggunakan tabel perubahan diatas.

1.      Simple Present => Simple Past
DS: * Nina said: “Your garden is really beautiful.”
IS : * Nina said that my garden was really beautiful.


2.      Present Continous => Past Continous
DS: * My father said: “Your brother is playing soccer now, so he can’t pick you up.”
IS : * My father said that my brother was playing soccer then, so he can’t pick me up.


3.      Present Perfect => Past Perfect
DS: * He asked me: “Have Mr. and Mrs. Smith come here?”
IS : * He asked me if Mr. and Mrs. Smith had come there.


4.      Present Perfect Continous => Past Perfect Continous
DS: * Aunty said: “I have been studying English for over nine years.”
IS : * Aunty said, she had been studying English for over nine years.


5.      Simple Past => Past Perfect
DS: * Tris said: “I was in Bali yesterday.”
IS : * Tris said that she had been in Bali the day before.”


6.      Past Continous => Past Continous
DS: * Patrick said: “When you called me, I was playing football.”
IS : * Patrick said that when I called him, he was playing football.


7.      Past Perfect => Past Perfect
DS: * Fred said: “George hadn’t been at home.”
IS :* Fred said that George hadn’t been at his home.


8.      Past Perfect Continous => Past Perfect Continous
DS: * Ansory said: “Safi had been living in here before she moved to Semarang.”
IS : * Ansory said that Safi had been living there before she moved to Semarang.


9.      Simple Future => Past Future
DS: * Fify said: “I will go to Jakarta tomorrow.”
IS : * Fify said that she should go to Jakarta the following day.


10.  Future Continous => Past Future Continous
DS: * My Mom said: “I will be teaching math at eight o’clock next week.”
IS : * My Mom said that she would be teaching math at eight o’clock the following week.


11.  Future Perfect => Past Future Perfect
DS: * Dhea said: “We will not have been at home by the end of this week.”
IS : * Dhea said that we should not have been at home by the end of that week.


12.  Future Perfect Continous => Past Future Perfect Continous
DS: * Mrs. Mirza said: “By next new year shall have been teaching at this SMU for 3 years.”
IS : * Mrs. Mirza said that by next year she should have been teaching at that SMU for 3 years.


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