Direct Speech
Suatu
kalimat yang diucapkan secara langsung oleh pembicara yang dalam penulisannya disertai dengan tanda kutip (“) di
awal dan akhir kalimat sebagai teks dialog atau percakapan.
Indirect Speech
Sering juga
disebut sebagai Reported Speech (Kalimat laporan). Suatu kalimat yang
menggambarkan perkataan orang lain atau dirinya sendiri secara tidak langsung.
Baik Direct Speech maupun Indirect Speech, keduanya terdiri
dari dua unsur yakni induk kalimat dan anak kalimat.
Tabel perubahan Tenses yang digunakan dari Direct Speech ke
Indirect Speech dapat dilihat seperti di bawah ini:
No
|
DIRECT
|
INDIRECT
|
1
|
Simple Present
|
Simple past
|
2
|
Present
Continuous
|
Past
Continuous
|
3
|
Present
Perfect
|
Past Perfect
|
4
|
Present
Perfect Continous
|
Past Perfect
Continous
|
5
|
Simple Past
|
Past Perfect
|
6
|
Past
continuous
|
Past
continuous
|
7
|
Past perfect
|
Past perfect
|
8
|
Past perfect
continuous
|
Past perfect
continuous
|
9
|
Simple Future
|
Past Future
|
10
|
Future
Continuous
|
Past future continuous
|
11
|
Future Perfect
|
Past Future
Perfect
|
12
|
Future Perfect
Continuous
|
Past Future
Perfect Continuous
|
Untuk perubahan keterangan waktu dan tempatnya, dapat dilihat
pada tabel berikut:
No
|
DIRECT
|
INDIRECT
|
1
|
Now
|
Then
|
2
|
Tomorrow
|
The following
day
|
3
|
Yesterday
|
The day before
|
4
|
Next week
|
The following
week
|
5
|
Tonight/Today
|
That
night/That day
|
6
|
Here
|
There
|
7
|
This
|
That
|
8
|
These
|
Those
|
Bentuk dasar dari kalimat Direct dan Indirect Speech ini
dapat berupa:
-
Statement (Pernyataan)
-
Command (Perintah)
-
Question (Pertanyaan)
Saya akan memberikan contoh kalimat direct speech dan
indirect speech dengan menggunakan tabel perubahan diatas.
1.
Simple Present => Simple Past
DS: * Nina
said: “Your garden is
really beautiful.”
IS : * Nina
said that my garden was
really beautiful.
2.
Present Continous => Past
Continous
DS: * My
father said: “Your brother is playing
soccer now, so he can’t pick you up.”
IS : * My
father said that my brother was playing
soccer then, so he can’t pick me up.
3.
Present Perfect => Past Perfect
DS: * He
asked me: “Have Mr. and Mrs. Smith come here?”
IS : * He
asked me if Mr. and Mrs. Smith had come there.
4.
Present Perfect Continous => Past
Perfect Continous
DS: * Aunty
said: “I have been studying
English for over nine years.”
IS : * Aunty
said, she had been studying English
for over nine years.
5.
Simple Past => Past Perfect
DS: * Tris
said: “I was in Bali yesterday.”
IS : * Tris
said that she had been in Bali the day before.”
6.
Past Continous => Past Continous
DS: *
Patrick said: “When you called
me, I was playing football.”
IS : *
Patrick said that when I called
him, he was playing football.
7.
Past Perfect => Past Perfect
DS: * Fred
said: “George hadn’t been at home.”
IS :* Fred
said that George hadn’t been at his home.
8.
Past Perfect Continous => Past
Perfect Continous
DS: * Ansory
said: “Safi had been living in here
before she moved to Semarang.”
IS : *
Ansory said that Safi had been living
there before she moved to Semarang.
9.
Simple Future => Past Future
DS: * Fify
said: “I will go to Jakarta tomorrow.”
IS : * Fify
said that she should go to Jakarta the following day.
10. Future Continous => Past Future Continous
DS: * My Mom
said: “I will be teaching math at eight o’clock next week.”
IS : * My
Mom said that she would be teaching math at eight o’clock the following week.
11. Future Perfect => Past Future Perfect
DS: * Dhea
said: “We will not have been at
home by the end of this week.”
IS : * Dhea
said that we should not have been at
home by the end of that week.
12. Future Perfect Continous => Past Future Perfect Continous
DS: * Mrs.
Mirza said: “By next new year shall
have been teaching at this SMU for
3 years.”
IS : * Mrs.
Mirza said that by next year she should
have been teaching at that SMU for
3 years.
