Direct and Indirect Speech

Direct Speech

Suatu kalimat yang diucapkan secara langsung oleh pembicara yang dalam penulisannya            disertai dengan tanda kutip (“) di awal dan akhir kalimat sebagai teks dialog atau percakapan.

Indirect Speech

Sering juga disebut sebagai Reported Speech (Kalimat laporan). Suatu kalimat yang menggambarkan perkataan orang lain atau dirinya sendiri secara tidak langsung.

Baik Direct Speech maupun Indirect Speech, keduanya terdiri dari dua unsur yakni induk kalimat dan anak kalimat.

Tabel perubahan Tenses yang digunakan dari Direct Speech ke Indirect Speech dapat dilihat seperti di bawah ini:

No	DIRECT	INDIRECT
1	Simple Present	Simple past
2	Present Continuous	Past Continuous
3	Present Perfect	Past Perfect
4	Present Perfect Continous	Past Perfect Continous
5	Simple Past	Past Perfect
6	Past continuous	Past continuous
7	Past perfect	Past perfect
8	Past perfect continuous	Past perfect continuous
9	Simple Future	Past Future
10	Future Continuous	Past future continuous
11	Future Perfect	Past Future Perfect
12	Future Perfect Continuous	Past Future Perfect Continuous

Untuk perubahan keterangan waktu dan tempatnya, dapat dilihat pada tabel berikut:

No	DIRECT	INDIRECT
1	Now	Then
2	Tomorrow	The following day
3	Yesterday	The day before
4	Next week	The following week
5	Tonight/Today	That night/That day
6	Here	There
7	This	That
8	These	Those

Bentuk dasar dari kalimat Direct dan Indirect Speech ini dapat berupa:

-          Statement (Pernyataan)

-          Command (Perintah)

-          Question (Pertanyaan)

Saya akan memberikan contoh kalimat direct speech dan indirect speech dengan menggunakan tabel perubahan diatas.

1.      Simple Present => Simple Past

DS: * Nina said: “Your garden is really beautiful.”

IS : * Nina said that my garden was really beautiful.

2.      Present Continous => Past Continous

DS: * My father said: “Your brother is playing soccer now, so he can’t pick you up.”

IS : * My father said that my brother was playing soccer then, so he can’t pick me up.

3.      Present Perfect => Past Perfect

DS: * He asked me: “Have Mr. and Mrs. Smith come here?”

IS : * He asked me if Mr. and Mrs. Smith had come there.

4.      Present Perfect Continous => Past Perfect Continous

DS: * Aunty said: “I have been studying English for over nine years.”

IS : * Aunty said, she had been studying English for over nine years.

5.      Simple Past => Past Perfect

DS: * Tris said: “I was in Bali yesterday.”

IS : * Tris said that she had been in Bali the day before.”

6.      Past Continous => Past Continous

DS: * Patrick said: “When you called me, I was playing football.”

IS : * Patrick said that when I called him, he was playing football.

7.      Past Perfect => Past Perfect

DS: * Fred said: “George hadn’t been at home.”

IS :* Fred said that George hadn’t been at his home.

8.      Past Perfect Continous => Past Perfect Continous

DS: * Ansory said: “Safi had been living in here before she moved to Semarang.”

IS : * Ansory said that Safi had been living there before she moved to Semarang.

9.      Simple Future => Past Future

DS: * Fify said: “I will go to Jakarta tomorrow.”

IS : * Fify said that she should go to Jakarta the following day.

10.  Future Continous => Past Future Continous

DS: * My Mom said: “I will be teaching math at eight o’clock next week.”

IS : * My Mom said that she would be teaching math at eight o’clock the following week.

11.  Future Perfect => Past Future Perfect

DS: * Dhea said: “We will not have been at home by the end of this week.”

IS : * Dhea said that we should not have been at home by the end of that week.

12.  Future Perfect Continous => Past Future Perfect Continous

DS: * Mrs. Mirza said: “By next new year shall have been teaching at this SMU for 3 years.”

IS : * Mrs. Mirza said that by next year she should have been teaching at that SMU for 3 years.