How important English is in Economic

As we know, english is an international language which can stick people from different country. Since English is such a widely adopted second language in non-English speaking countries, it is important to know when traveling abroad. Many foreigners can communicate effectively in English, even if one person primarily speaks Dutch and the other’s first language is Japanese.

Can determine the success or failure of an economic activity. As for example in the company. Now if there is a company that employees are not fluent in English, it is likely the company is difficult to go international. Because the weeks to communicate with client-lien from another country takes one unifying language understood by all parties. Namely English.

In a country's macro economy, the import and export of goods also will be disrupted if the parties involved do not understand English. Can there be some who do not benefit if one of the parties to cheat, the other party does not understand anything.

Adverbial Clause | Time and Cause-Effect

Adverbial clause adalah dependent clause yang berfungsi sebagai adverb (kata keterangan) dan memberikan informasi tentang verb, adjective, atau adverb yang berada pada independent clause dengan kapasitasnya menjawab pertanyaan: how, when, where, why, atau to what degree. 

Adverbial clause dimulai dengan suatu kata yang disebut subordinate conjunction (when, after, because, though, etc). Kata ini berguna untuk menjembatani hubungan dengan independent clause yang diterangkan. Gabungan klausa ini dengan independent clause dinamakan dengan complex sentence, yaitu kalimat yang terdiri dari independent dan satu atau lebih dependent clause.

Rumus Adverbial Clause

Rumus complex sentence dan adverbial clause adalah sebagai berikut.

Complex Sentence:

Independent Clause (S + V +/- …)* + Adverbial Clause

Adverbial Clause:

Subordinate Conjunction + S + V +/- …

*S + V +/- … = predicate

Punctuation (Tanda Baca) pada Adverbial Clause

Adverbial clause dapat berada di awal kalimat, kemudian diikuti oleh independent clause. Sebaliknya, independent clause dapat berada di awal kalimat, kemudian diikuti oleh adverbial clause. Jika berada di awal, diujung klausa ini diberi tanda baca koma.

Contoh Complex Sentence:

Di awal: Because I had free time, I visited your house.

Di akhir: I visited your house because I had free time. (Saya mengunjungi rumahmu karena saya punya waktu luang.)

Macam-macam adverbial clause antara lain:

• Adverbial clause of time (waktu),
• Place(tempat),
• Cause & effect (sebab & akibat),
• Purpose & result (tujuan & hasil),
• Condition(pengandaian),
• Contrast/consession (pertentangan),
• Manner (cara), dan
• Reason(alasan).

1.) Adverbial clause of time (waktu)

Kata keterangan yang dipakai oleh jenis ini adalah kata-kata keterangan waktu, seperti: When, While, Before dan After.

Contoh:

When

- He was talking on the phone when I arrived.

- When she called, he had already eaten lunch.

- I washed the dishes when my daughter fell asleep.

- We'll go to lunch when you come to visit.

Before

- We will finish before he arrives.

- She (had) left before I telephoned.

After

- We will finish after he comes.

- She ate after I (had) left.

While, as

- She began cooking while I was finishing my homework.

- As I was finishing my homework, she began cooking.

By the time

- By the time he finished, I had cooked dinner.

- We will have finished our homework by the time they arrive.

Until, till

- We waited until he finished his homework.

- I'll wait till you finish.

Since

- I have played tennis since I was a young boy.

- They have worked here since 1987.

As soon as

- He will let us know as soon as he decides (or as soon as he has decided).

- As soon as I hear from Tom, I will give you a telephone call.

Whenever, every time

- Whenever he comes, we go to have lunch at "Macdonald's".

- We take a hike every time he visits.

The first, second, third, fourth etc., next, last time

- The first time I went to New York, I was intimidated by the city.

- I saw Jack the last time I went to San Francisco.

- The second time I played tennis, I began to have fun.

2.) Cause & effect (sebab & akibat)

                Kata keterangan yang dipakai oleh jenis ini adalah kata-kata keterangan seperti: Because, Since, As long as, As, dan Due the fact that.

Contoh:

Because

- They received a high mark on their exam because they had studied hard.

- I'm studying hard because I want to pass my exam.

- He works a lot of overtime because his rent is so expensive

Since

- Since he loves music so much, he decided to go to a conservatory.

- They had to leave early since their train left at 8.30.

As long as

- As long as you have the time, why don't you come for dinner?

As

- As the test is difficult, you had better get some sleep.

Inasamuch as

- Inasmuch as the students had succesfully completed their exams, their parents rewarded their efforts by giving them a trip to Paris.

Due to the fact that

- We will be staying for an extra week due to the fact that we haven not yet finished.

Indonesia banks told to increase loans for maritime sector

The Jakarta Post/Asia News NetworkThursday, Apr 09, 2015

In a bid to support President Joko "Jokowi" Widodo's lofty maritime axis plan, the Financial Services Authority (OJK) has instructed banks to increase credit for the sector by 50 per cent to 128 trillion rupiah (S$13.3 billion) this year, an official says.

OJK deputy commissioner for banking supervision, Irwan Lubis, said the financial authority wanted credit for the maritime sector to increase by 43 trillion rupiah this year to speed up development.

"We have done this because finance for the marine sector is still at a very low level," Irwan said during a discussion in South Jakarta on Monday.

Credit disbursed to businesses in the sector reached 85 trillion rupiah last year, according to OJK data. That amount was roughly 2.4 per cent of total credit disbursements in the country.

Irwan said banks were wary of extending loans to the sector because of a lack of understanding between them and debtors.

"That's why we're creating a database to build up information [on the sector]," he said, adding that it was mapping out six sub-sectors, from capture fisheries to marine tourism.

In addition, the OJK and lenders will train 1,000 accountants to understand the ins and outs of the maritime industry.

They will also print guidebooks to help increase financial literacy among small-scale enterprises (SMEs) working in the sector.

He said banking institutions had identified the sector's high rate of non-performing loans (NPLs) as a hurdle to financing businesses, although it had improved over the years.

The maritime sector's NPL rate last year was 3 to 3.5 per cent, better than five years ago when it exceeded 5 per cent.

Irwan said that an NPL rate of 2 to 2.75 per cent was ideal to mitigate any risks and keep businesses sustainable.

In February, the OJK formed a team of experts comprising officials from the Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Ministry, banks and insurance companies.

The team's task is to sift through business proposals to identify prospective businesses to which to extend loans, all the while identifying risks and maintaining lending quality.

The Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry's (Kadin) deputy chairman for maritime and fisheries affairs, Yugi Prayanto, said the industry group's regional representatives would help the team by scouting for sound business proposals and forwarding them to it.

Yugi said Kadin would prioritise proposals from the aquaculture sector and other fisheries-related industries, arguing that these were areas that required the most development.

Meanwhile, PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia's (BRI) head of business programs and partnership business division, Teten Triadi, said his institution was committed to the OJK's cause.

Teten cited the company's target of disbursing 2.5 trillion rupiah to 3.5 trillion rupiah in credit through its 11 trillion rupiah sector-specific credit total this year, as well as an additional 2.5 trillion rupiah in its new "food credit" programme that would benefit businesses working in the food sector.

Banking institutions have also voiced concerns regarding the difficulties in navigating the maritime sector.

According to Teten, maritime industry players, most of which are small-scale fishermen and SMEs, can still benefit from proper guidance regarding the financial system.

"[Businesses in this sector] are in need of coaching and mentoring; they can't be left alone, especially with the technicalities of financing. This is important to ensure the conduciveness of financing," he said on Monday.

Meanwhile, Bank Mandiri senior vice president for micro-network development, Maswar Purnama, said that financing institutions were hard pressed to find a way to mitigate the risk of the sector's seasonality, often resulting in credit flowing to other sectors considered more attractive.

Maswar hoped that the situation would improve this year, although he declined to share his projections.

Last year, Bank Mandiri disbursed 1.7 trillion rupiah to 61,000 customers.

Source: http://business.asiaone.com/news/indonesia-banks-told-increase-loans-maritime-sector#sthash.UCKEKKNU.dpuf

Soal Latihan dan Kunci Jawaban | Direct and Indirect Speech

SOAL LATIHAN MATERI DIRECT DAN INDIRECT SPEECH.

Ubahlah kalimat direct speech di bawah ini menjadi kalimat indirect speech.

1.      Did they eat out together yesterday?

a.      He asked me if they had eaten out yesterday.

b.      He asked me if they had eaten out together the day before.

c.       He asked me if they has eaten out together the day before.

d.      He asked me if they have eaten out together the day before.

2.      Don’t turn off the light now.

a.      He told me don’t turn off the light at that time.

b.      He told me not to turn off the light at that time.

c.       He told me didn’t turn off the light at that time.

d.      He told me didn’t turn off the light at now.

3.      What’s your passion?

a.      She wanted to know what is my passion.

b.      She wanted to know what was my passion.

c.       She wanted to know what my passion was.

d.      She wanted to know what was my passion.

4.      I begin to understand the concept of biodiversity.

a.      He asked me that he began to understand the concept of biodiversity.

b.      He wanted to know if he began to understand the concept of biodiversity.

c.       He said that he began to understand the concept of biodiversity.

d.      He said that I began to understand the concept of biodiversity.

5.      Your friend has just left.

a.      He told me that your friend had just left.

b.      He told me that my friend has just left.

c.       He told me that my friend had just left.

d.      He told me that my friend have just left.

6.      Can I borrow your pencil for a moment?

a.      She asked me if she can borrow my pencil for a moment.

b.      She asked me whether she can borrow my pencil for a moment.

c.       She asked me whether she could borrow my pencil for a moment.

d.      She asked me whether I could borrow her pencil for a moment.

7.      Why are you staring at my feet?

a.      He asked her why she is staring at his feet.

b.      He asked her why she was staring at his feet.

c.       He asked her why was she staring at his feet.

d.      He asked her why is she staring at his feet.

8.      The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

a.      He said that the sun rose in the east and sets in the west.

b.      He said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

c.       He asked if the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

d.      He said that the sun rise in the east and set in the west.

9.      I’m going to meet my penpal for the first time tomorrow.

a.      She said she was going to meet her penpal for the first time the next day.

b.      She said she was going to meet my penpal for the first time tomorrow.

c.       She said she was going to meet her penpal for the first time tomorrow.

d.      She said she is going to meet her penpal for the first time the next day.

10.   We have been here for a week.

a.      They said they had been there for a week.

b.      They said they had been here for a week.

c.       They said we had been there for a week.

d.      They said they has been here for a week.

11.  Who is sitting beside Tom?

a.      He asked me who was sitting beside Tom that time.

b.      He asked me was sitting beside Tom that time.

c.       He asked me who is sitting beside Tom.

d.      He asked me who is Tom sitting beside.

12.  Please wait for me at the bus stop.

a.      Endy told me to wating her at the bus stop.

b.      Endy told me waited for her at the bus stop that time.

c.       Endy told me waited for me at the bus stop that time.

d.      Endy told me waits for her at the bus stop that time.

13.  Window-shopping is my favorite hobby.

a.      Septi said that window-shopping is her favorite hobby.

b.      Septi said that if window-shopping was my favorite hobby.

c.       Septi said that window-shopping was my favorite hobby.

d.      Septi said that window-shopping was her favorite hobby.

14.  I ate some beef burgers yesterday.

a.      Jean said that she have eat some beef burgers the day before.

b.      Jean said that she has ate some beef burgers the day before.

c.       Jean said that she had been eaten some beef burgers the day before.

d.      Jean said that she had been eat some beef burgers yesterday.

15.  This is the bag which I bought yesterday.

a.      He said that was the bag which he had been bought the day before.

b.      He said that was the bag which I bought the day before.

c.       He said that the bag was which he had buy the day before.

d.      He said that was the bag which I had been bought the day before.

16.  Who is hiding under the bed?

a.      Mom wanted to know why was hiding under the bed.

b.      Mom said she was hiding under the bed.

c.       Mom wanted to hiding under the bed.

d.      Mom wanted to know who was hiding under the bed.

17.  Elisa had been living in Bangok before she moved to Jakarta.

a.      Firmansyah said that Elisa have live in Bangkok before she moved to Jakarta.

b.      Firmansyah said that Elisa had been living in Bangkok before she moved to Jakarta.

c.       Firmansyah said that Elisa is living in Bangkok before she moved to Jakarta.

d.      Firmansyah said that Elisa was in Bangkok before she move to Jakarta.

18.  I have been travelling around the world for over three years.

a.      Grandpa said he had been travelling around the world for over three years.

b.      Grandpa said he have been travel around the world for over three years.

c.       Grandpa said he was travel around the world for over three years.

d.      Grandpa said he is travelling around the world for over three years.

19.  When you pushed me, I was holding my phone.

a.      Keyza said when you push him, he was holding my phone.

b.      Keyza said when I push him, he was holding his phone.

c.       Keyza said when I pushed him, he was holding his phone.

d.      Keyza said when I pushed him, he is holding my phone.

20.  My name is Harry.

a.      He said his name is Harry.

b.      He said his name might Harry.

c.       He said his name will Harry.

d.      He said his name has Harry.

KUNCI JAWABAN DAN PEMBAHASAN

1.      Jawaban Benar          : B

Pembahasan               : Time dalam kalimat direct speech “yesterday” perlu diubah menjadi “the day before” dalam kalimat indirect/reported speech.

2.      Jawaban Benar          : B

Pembahasan               : Kata kerja (verb) diubah menjadi infinitive (verb 1) pada reporting command (perintah).

3.      Jawaban Benar          : C

Pembahasan               : Direct speech berupa wh- question (information request) -> pindahkan verb ke belakang subject (word order).

4.      Jawaban Benar          : C

Pembahasan               : Direct speech berupa pernyataan (statement) dengan pola simple present, verb diubah ke pola simple past dalam kalimat indirect speech.

5.      Jawaban Benar          : C

Pembahasan               : Pola kalimat present perfect tense pada kalimat direct speech disesuaikan menjadi past perfect tense pada kalimat indirect speech.

6.      Jawaban Benar          : C

Pembahasan               : Modal verb “can” (present) diubah menjadi “could” (past).

7.      Jawaban Benar          : B

Pembahasan               : Verb present continous tense pada direct speech diubah menjadi past continous tense pada indirect speech.

8.      Jawaban Benar          : B

Pembahasan               : Verb tidak berubah menjadi past karena pernyataan berupa general truth.

9.      Jawaban Benar          : A

Pembahasan               : Time reference “tomorrow” disesuaikan menjadi “the next day” atau “the following day”.

10.  Jawaban Benar          : A

Pembahasan               : “Here” pada direct diubah menjadi “there” di Indirect speech.

11.  Jawaban Benar          : A

Pembahasan               : Pola present continous tense pada direct speech diubah menjadi pola past continous tense. Ditandai dengan berubahnya tobe dan keterangan waktu.

12.  Jawaban Benar          : B

Pembahasan               : Pola simple present tense pada kalimat direct speech diubah menjadi simple past tense di kalimat indirect speech.

13.  Jawaban Benar          : D

Pembahasan               : Pola simple present tense pada kalimat direct speech diubah menjadi simple past tense di kalimat indirect speech.

14.  Jawaban Benar          : C

Pembahasan               : Pola simple past tense pada kalimat direct speech diubah menjadi past perfect tense di kalimat indirect speech. Ditandai dengan tobe “had been” dan verb 3 “eaten”.

15.  Jawaban Benar          : A

Pembahasan               : Pola simple present tense pada kalimat direct speech diubah menjadi simple past tense di kalimat indirect speech. danpola simple past tense pada kalimat direct speech diubah menjadi past perfect tense di kalimat indirect speech. Ditandai dengan tobe “is” diubah menjadi “was” dan penambahan tobe “had been” sebelum verb 3 “bought”.

16.  Jawaban Benar          : D

Pembahasan               : Pola present continous tense pada direct speech diubah menjadi pola past continous tense. Ditandai dengan berubahnya tobe.

17.  Jawaban Benar          : B

Pembahasan               : Karena pada direct speech yang pola kalimatnya past continous tense, pada kalimat indirect speech-nya, pola kalimat tidak berubah.

18.  Jawaban Benar          : A

Pembahasan               : Pola present perfect tense pada kalimat direct speech diubah menjadi past perfect tense di kalimat indirect speech.

19.  Jawaban Benar          : C

Pembahasan               : Pola yang dipakai dalam direct speech diatas adalah past continous tense, jika diubah menjadi indirect speech, maka polanya tidak berubah. Yang perlu diubah hanya subject-nya saja.

20.  Jawaban Benar          : A

Pembahasan               : Pola kalimat tidak berubah karena pernyataan berupa general truth.