Selasa, 02 Juni 2015

Adverbial Clause | Time and Cause-Effect


Adverbial clause adalah dependent clause yang berfungsi sebagai adverb (kata keterangan) dan memberikan informasi tentang verbadjective, atau adverb yang berada pada independent clause dengan kapasitasnya menjawab pertanyaan: how, when, where, why, atau to what degree. 


Adverbial clause dimulai dengan suatu kata yang disebut subordinate conjunction (when, after, because, though, etc). Kata ini berguna untuk menjembatani hubungan dengan independent clause yang diterangkan. Gabungan klausa ini dengan independent clause dinamakan dengan complex sentence, yaitu kalimat yang terdiri dari independent dan satu atau lebih dependent clause.


Rumus Adverbial Clause

Rumus complex sentence dan adverbial clause adalah sebagai berikut.

Complex Sentence:

Independent Clause (S + V +/- …)* + Adverbial Clause


Adverbial Clause:

Subordinate Conjunction + S + V +/- …

*S + V +/- … = predicate


Punctuation (Tanda Baca) pada Adverbial Clause

Adverbial clause dapat berada di awal kalimat, kemudian diikuti oleh independent clause. Sebaliknya, independent clause dapat berada di awal kalimat, kemudian diikuti oleh adverbial clause. Jika berada di awal, diujung klausa ini diberi tanda baca koma.

Contoh Complex Sentence:

Di awal: Because I had free time, I visited your house.
Di akhir: I visited your house because I had free time. (Saya mengunjungi rumahmu karena saya punya waktu luang.)

Macam-macam adverbial clause antara lain:
  • Adverbial clause of time (waktu),
  • Place(tempat),
  • Cause & effect (sebab & akibat),
  • Purpose & result (tujuan & hasil),
  • Condition(pengandaian),
  • Contrast/consession (pertentangan),
  • Manner (cara), dan
  • Reason(alasan).



1.) Adverbial clause of time (waktu)

Kata keterangan yang dipakai oleh jenis ini adalah kata-kata keterangan waktu, seperti: When, While, Before dan After.
Contoh:


When
He was talking on the phone when I arrived.
- When she called, he had already eaten lunch.
- I washed the dishes when my daughter fell asleep.

- We'll go to lunch when you come to visit.


Before
- We will finish before he arrives.
- She (had) left before I telephoned.

After
- We will finish after he comes.
- She ate after I (had) left.

While, as
- She began cooking while I was finishing my homework.
- As I was finishing my homework, she began cooking.

By the time
- By the time he finished, I had cooked dinner.
- We will have finished our homework by the time they arrive.

Until, till
- We waited until he finished his homework.
- I'll wait till you finish.

Since
- I have played tennis since I was a young boy.
- They have worked here since 1987.

As soon as
- He will let us know as soon as he decides (or as soon as he has decided).
- As soon as I hear from Tom, I will give you a telephone call.

Whenever, every time
- Whenever he comes, we go to have lunch at "Macdonald's".
- We take a hike every time he visits.

The first, second, third, fourth etc., next, last time
- The first time I went to New York, I was intimidated by the city.
- I saw Jack the last time I went to San Francisco.
- The second time I played tennis, I began to have fun.


2.) Cause & effect (sebab & akibat)

                Kata keterangan yang dipakai oleh jenis ini adalah kata-kata keterangan seperti: Because, Since, As long as, As, dan Due the fact that.
Contoh:

Because
- They received a high mark on their exam because they had studied hard.
- I'm studying hard because I want to pass my exam.
- He works a lot of overtime because his rent is so expensive


Since
- Since he loves music so much, he decided to go to a conservatory.
- They had to leave early since their train left at 8.30.

As long as
- As long as you have the time, why don't you come for dinner?

As
- As the test is difficult, you had better get some sleep.
Inasamuch as
- Inasmuch as the students had succesfully completed their exams, their parents rewarded their efforts by giving them a trip to Paris.

Due to the fact that
- We will be staying for an extra week due to the fact that we haven not yet finished.

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